Sudden high blood pressure, also known as acute hypertension, is a condition in which a person’s blood pressure suddenly and significantly increases.  

Normal blood pressure is measured by bp machine, normally blood pressure is between 120/80  mmHg, and 132/85 mmHg but in acute hypertension, the systolic pressure (the top number) can rise above 160 mmHg. Suddenly high blood pressure can occur in people with previously normal blood pressure, as well as in those who already have hypertension.[1] 

Sudden high blood pressure can be a serious and potentially life-threatening condition, as it can cause damage to the heart, blood vessels, and other organs. Symptoms of acute hypertension can include severe headache, chest pain, shortness of breath, confusion, and blurred vision among others. [1]

The 2019-2020 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) reported a hypertension prevalence of 24% in men and 21% among women in India. According to WHO, 220 million people in India have hypertension.[2] 

Only 12% of people with hypertension have their blood pressure under control. Uncontrolled blood pressure is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as heart attacks stroke and are responsible for one-third of total deaths in India.[3] 

In India, there are several factors that contribute to the development of sudden high blood pressure, including lifestyle factors, medical conditions, and certain medications.[4] 

Lifestyle factors: India is home to a fast-paced lifestyle, and several lifestyle factors can contribute to the development of sudden high blood pressure.

Some of the common lifestyle factors that cause acute hypertension include: 

• Stress: Stress can cause the release of hormones that can raise blood pressure. People in India are often under a lot of stress due to work pressure, family responsibilities, and financial difficulties. 
• Poor diet: A diet high in salt, fat, and sugar can contribute to the development of sudden high blood pressure. Many people in India consume a diet high in processed foods, which can increase the risk of high blood pressure. 

• Lack of physical activity: Inactivity and sedentary behavior are common in India, and this can increase the risk of sudden high blood pressure. People who are not physically active are more likely to develop high blood pressure. 

Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions can also cause sudden high blood pressure, including: 

• Kidney disease: The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating blood pressure, and when they are not functioning properly, it can cause high blood pressure. 
• Adrenal gland disorders: Adrenal gland disorders can cause the release of hormones that can raise blood pressure. 
• Thyroid problems: An overactive or underactive thyroid can affect blood pressure levels. 

Medications: Certain medications can cause sudden high blood pressure as a side effect, including: 

• Decongestants: Decongestants used to relieve nasal congestion can raise blood pressure. 
• Birth control pills: Some types of birth control pills can increase blood pressure levels. 
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): NSAIDs such as ibuprofen and naproxen can cause sudden high blood pressure. 

It’s important to note that sudden high blood pressure can also be caused by other factors, such as alcohol, drug abuse, and pregnancy. If you experience symptoms of acute hypertension, such as severe headache, chest pain, and shortness of breath, it’s important to seek medical attention immediately. 

Preventing sudden high blood pressure in India involves: 

• Maintaining a healthy lifestyle: This includes eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. 
• Managing stress: This can be done through relaxation techniques, physical activity, and counseling. 
• Being mindful of medications: Some medications can raise blood pressure, so talk to your doctor about alternative options. 
• Regular check-ups: Regular check-ups and blood pressure monitoring with bp machine can help detect sudden high blood pressure early and allow for prompt treatment. 

• Monitoring medical conditions: If you have a medical condition that can contribute to high blood pressure, it’s important to monitor it closely and receive appropriate medical treatment. [5]

An Omron blood pressure monitor can be a useful tool for managing sudden high blood pressure by allowing for regular monitoring, early detection, increased awareness, and effective treatment modulation by your doctor and remember regular monitoring using a   bp monitor should not be used as a substitute for regular visits to your doctor.  

Wrap-Up: 

To reduce the risk of sudden hypertension, it’s essential to maintain a healthy lifestyle, manage stress, be mindful of the medication intake and regularly monitor your blood pressure using a trusted device. It’s important to visit your doctor regularly and seek medical attention immediately if you experience symptoms of sudden high blood pressure, as prompt treatment can help prevent serious complications. 

Reference: 

1. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/expert-answers/hypertensive-crisis/faq-20058491#:~:text=A%20hypertensive%20crisis%20is%20a,other%20life%2Dthreatening%20health%20problems.  
2. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lansea/article/PIIS2772-3682(22)00130-5/fulltext#:~:text=The%202019%E2%80%932020%20National%20Family,round%20(2015%E2%80%9316).&text=for%20Population%20Sciences-,National%20Family%20Health%20Survey%20(NFHS,5)%2C%202019%2D21.  
3. https://www.who.int/india/health-topics/hypertension  
4. https://pharmeasy.in/conditions/heart-diseases/causes-of-sudden-high-blood-pressure-india  
5. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4314-hypertension-high-blood-pressure